AR
UR
The World Health Organisation (WHO) says breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women. It accounts for nearly 20 percent of all cancer cases in the UAE. Furthermore, it is the second-most prominent cause of death among women after cardiovascular conditions.
Fakeeh University Hospital recently launched its new Breast Centre with the aim of bridging the gap in breast cancer awareness among women. The centre will provide expert care along with services for early detection and recovery to women in need.
While there are various types of breast cancer, it refers to a condition in which the abnormal rapidly dividing cells of the breast multiply uncontrollably. These cells determine the type of breast cancer as they form an abnormal distortion, calcifications or asymmetry between the breast. In the X-rays and even when touching, they are seen as a lump. While the condition affects women primarily, it can develop in men too.
Dr Alache Millicent Bello, Consultant Breast and Oncoplastic Surgeon, Fakeeh University Hospital, affirm that it is possible to survive breast cancer and win over the condition.
“While we cannot prevent the onset of the condition, with awareness, the right treatment and care can be given in time for a healthier life ahead. One of the best ways to nip this disease early on is by understanding the symptoms and doing regular screening," Dr Bello added.
She further stressed that women above the age of 40 should consult their doctor and plan out their screening schedules. On the other hand, younger women can do regular self-screenings. Women with a family history of breast cancer should also ensure to conduct early screening to conduct timely treatment.
Symptoms
Some of the most common signs and symptoms of breast cancer are:
· A new lump or thickening in breast or armpit
· Change in breast size, shape, or appearance
· Dimpling or irritation in breast skin
· A nipple that has recently inverted
· Pigmented patch of skin surrounding the nipple (areola) or breast skin peels, scales, crusts, or flakes
· Reddening or pitting of the skin above your breasts
· Spontaneous nipple discharge (other than breast milk), including blood
Causes
Breast cancer is caused due to abnormal growth of some breast cells. These cells divide at a faster rate than healthy cells, resulting in the formation of a lump or mass.
Dr Serife Simsek, Specialist Breast Surgeon at Fakeeh University Hospital, noted that these cells may move to lymph nodes or other regions of the body (metastasize) and can result in other issues.
According to experts, cells in the milk-producing ducts are the most common cause of breast cancer (invasive ductal carcinoma). Furthermore, it can start in glandular tissue known as lobules, ducts, (invasive lobular carcinoma) or in other cells or tissues inside the breast.
Experts also link hormonal, behavioural, and environmental variables as possible contributory factors that can increase the risk of breast cancer. While the reason behind such behaviour of certain cells in people's body is unclear, it is important to conduct regular screenings. Researchers further note that only 5-10 percent of breast cancer are due to genetic or inherited breast cancer genes, commonly BRCA1and 2.
Screening
Doctors underline the best way to ensure early diagnosis of breast cancer is to conduct regular screening. Even as breast cancer is largely diagnosed after symptoms are seen in the body, several women with cancer do not have any signs or symptoms. Therefore, doctors emphasis on regular screening to check for breast cancer.
Here are some of the screening tests:
1. Mammogram - This X-ray is the most effective approach for early detection of breast cancer.
2. Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) - Under this test, images of the breast is taken using magnets and radio waves. Breast MRI is used in combination with mammograms to further examine women at high risk for breast cancer and other issues.
3. Breast Self-Awareness - Women can conduct self-examination of their breasts and check for concerning signs such as lumps, discomfort, or changes in size. It helps in early awareness of possible symptoms.
4. Clinical Breast Exam - A doctor performs a clinical breast exam and checks for lumps or other changes with their hands.
Risk factors
Breast cancer can be caused by multiple factors, including increasing age among women. The risk of breast cancer is higher in women over the age of 50.
Some of the risk factors that cannot be controlled include: Reproductive history
· Growing older
· Genetic mutations
· Family history of breast or ovarian cancer
· Previous treatment using radiation therapy
· Having dense breasts
· Personal background of breast cancer or some non-cancerous breast diseases
Some of the risk factors that can be controlled include:
· Lack of physical activity
· After-menopausal obesity or overweight
· Using hormones
· Consuming alcoholic beverages
Prevention
Women having an average risk of breast cancer must make certain lifestyle changes to lower the risk of the condition.
1. Conduct breast self-exams
It is important for women to check their breasts regularly. Consult the doctor if any new changes are detected such as lumps or other unusual signs. While breast cancer cannot be prevented, early detection will help in better treatment.
2. Reduce alcohol consumption
Breast cancer is more likely to occur if alcohol intake is higher. Recent studies have noted that consuming more than 1 to 2 glasses of alcohol per day, including beer, wine, and spirits, increases the risk of breast cancer. It can also result in returning of the disease after treatment.
3. Engage in physical activity
Physical activity is highly beneficial in maintaining a healthy body. It further helps in preventing breast cancer. Healthy individuals should ensure at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise per week or 75 minutes of intense aerobic activity per week. Strength training at least twice per week will also help lead a healthy life. Furthermore, decrease daily calorie intake in consultation with a dietician to maintain a healthy weight.
4. Choose a nutritious diet
Eating more fruits and vegetables and consuming animal fats in a limited quantity can help maintain a nutritious diet. Leading a healthy lifestyle has numerous benefits for overall long-term wellbeing.
5. Avoid post-menopausal hormones
Doctors recommend against long-term use of postmenopausal hormones to prevent chronic illnesses. Various studies have also shown ill effects of such hormones on health. Both estrogen-only and estrogen-plus-progestin hormones can increase the risk of developing breast cancer. However, if postmenopausal hormones are necessary, they must be taken for a short period of time only.
6. Breastfeed, if possible
Breastfeeding helps in reducing the risk of breast cancer, if not totally preventing it. Breastfeeding for a year or more (for all children) reduces breast cancer risk. It is also beneficial for the health and wellbeing of the child.
Risk management for high-risk women
In can of a family history of breast cancer or other risk factors associated with the disease, it is important that the individual explore possible solutions to lower the risks. They can opt for optimised screening advice, chemoprevention or preventive surgery.
Based on your medical history, consult the doctor about the right time to start mammograms and other tests. Furthermore, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and food habits is highly important to prevent various diseases, including breast cancer.
Regular screening will help in timely detection and further treatment. Continuous communication with the doctor to understand the screening processes and other timelines is recommended.
For information and appointments at Fakeeh University Hospital's newly opened Breast Centre call 04 414 44 44 or visit www.fuh.care
SOURCE: Gulf news